Draft in the making:
Sheets transport Sucre State Government in 1988 in local currencies in circulation restricted during the coin shortage of nickel.
was in 1988 when the closure of the largest nickel mine in the world, located in Russia , there was a significant increase in the price of that metal. Therefore in Venezuela , in a context of inflation, the value of a strong metal 5 Bs Bs exceeded 8 causing the disappearance of currency. In Sucre state, the coin disappeared faster than in other regions due to several factors, one that some companies such as CANTV, the currency moved circulating collection in public telephones, banks and shops facilities Caracas (at least that's Vox Populi) in September 1988 causing the total disappearance working capital and began a series of conflicts between the public, traders and transporters about the difficulty to realize the payments, because someone always remained unsatisfied. I could see older people break tickets, merchants rounding up prices and carriers delivering candy, lollipops and Toronto to complete payment. Each payment in kind generated conflict and users complained to us when we tried to pay the traders with the same products, they refused to receive them.
The situation was becoming more critical and carriers began to appear demanding a solution to this issue and proposed transport each line its own line of tickes to give back. This solution was rejected by users, indicating that other lines do not accept the ticker of other transport unions and people would have to manage multiple tickes according to their need for movement. I saw people breaking the tickes indicating outraged "I paid you with real, and you pay me with garbage." Indignation grew and eventually, with the Interior the only official body with power to enforce any agreement through their control of the Police of Sucre.
The solution was that the State Government issued the tickes Sucre (chips) so that these would be accepted regardless of the transmission line which the return delivery. The Interior Lines guaranteed the convertibility of the tickes in multiples of 10 Bs implant This solution is very fast in spite of which did a feature that personally found very convenient.
tickes The Interior would issue printed on colored construction paper in the following denominations: $ 0.50
(A real) of
1 Pink White Bolivar
2 Bolivares light blue or 5 Bolívares
pastel yellow pastel
All the chips were printed only on the front, had the shield of the Interior and the effigy of Antonio Jose de Sucre, Grand Marshal of Ayacucho and illustrious son of Cumana.
The process of putting into circulation and compensation was as follows:
1st: The Interior printed cards delivered to the lines and transport unions organized and registered for that purpose. Lines paid the equivalent received the governorship.
2nd: The sealed transmission lines on the back each file manually and distributed among the drivers. There was no rule about it so that some lines used more than one label, other sealed twice (diagonal), many times it was clear the other less common seal and was clearly stamped.
3rd: The lines are re-paid by users with the chips.
4th: Users could pay with tokens received in any other transport service and lines no matter who received them had stamped on the back.
5th: The lines recirculated received chips meet their needs to turn, and the surplus is returned to the Government which he reciprocated the corresponding Bs and acted as a clearing bank and support of their cards.
Other interesting consideration:
The damaged tiles were returned to the "issuer" in order to replace them with new or cash.
Users are not allowed to redeem us directly into the Interior. Lines could only do
were used in most of the geography of Sucre State. I bear witness to its use in Cumana, Campano, Santa Fe, and no matter Arayay Peninsula city of origin.
began to be accepted by other lines of different transport signatories of the agreement with the Government, by taxi, shipping (the boats called "Tapaitos" between Cumana and Manicuare Araya) and long distance transportation.
In short few weeks, given the total absence of money in circulation, its use was extended to wineries, grocery stores, school canteens, empanaderas, areperas, markets, hardware stores, cinemas, restaurants and all trade in general. Only gas stations were not used because they could pay conbustible in multiples of 10 Bs
Personally, as an apprentice numismatist, was so struck by the widespread acceptance and trust on index cards with so few security measures, however, nobody ever mentioned or denounce counterfeit and whether the Interior was also endorsed them not to create chaos. Often in my portfolio of student records had only because they were more accepted than cash.
0 comments:
Post a Comment